Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Debate Over Capital Punishment - 1599 Words
Introduction The Capital Punishment is a sure punishment. Sure punishment in the sense that the convicted never commits another crime, namely a homicide, again. People that oppose it support the argument that as human beings we shouldn’t take the responsibility of judging who should and shouldn’t die. That argument is backed by moral reasons, whether they are religious or simply ethical beliefs. Another argument against it is the fact that an offender facing the death penalty does not deter them from following through with the murder. The arguments for the death penalty are expense for an execution is cheaper and occurs nowhere near the frequency of housing an inmate, the convicted is sure to never offend again, and people are†¦show more content†¦The victims family pays the taxes that support the offender serving life. An execution is a one time expense for the offender and assures they will not re-offend. There are many misconceptions about the death pen alty that make it seem like a bad idea, a major one being that people think that it’s more expensive to impose than a life without parole sentence which is totally false. Assuming that the person who is doing life without parole lives for fifty years, it would only cost the state $34,200 a year to feed and house an inmate, and by contrast a person who is on death row (assuming they’re only there for six years) would cost the state $60,000 a year to feed and house. Sure, that sounds like more money but it’s not. It may be $60,000 a year for the death row inmate which is more than the life without parole inmate but in the long run life without parole is much more expensive. As previously stated, the price tag for every year a death row inmate is alive (around six years) is $60,000. So in six years the death row inmate would cost the state $360,000 plus a 2% annual increase plus another 1.5 million dollars for trial and appeals for which the total would be 1.88 million dollars. So, at the rate of $34,200 a year, in fifty years the life without parole inmate would cost the state a whopping $1,710,000 and that’s without the 2% annual cost increase and the $75,000 for trial and appeals; add that and it would cost the state the grand total of 3.01 millionShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words  | 4 Pages The debate over capital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the powerRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment1183 Words  | 5 Pagesmorally just and constitutional. Those thinking it is cruel want capital punishment abolished. The others want to see it revised and maintained. Capital punishment is being sentenced to death and executed for committing various crimes. Usually, it is reserved for convicted murder cases, but had been used for others such as: armed robbery, kidnapping, rape, and treason. Only about sixty countries still use capital punishment – the United States included. Canada, Australia, and most EuropeanRead MoreThe Debate over Capital Punishment Essay1025 Words  | 5 PagesThe Debate over Capital Punishment South Carolina, January 15, 1993. After wounding an Orangeburg, S.C. police officer with a misfired bullet, Thomas Treshawn Ivey, an Alabama prison escapee, proceeded to fired five more shots into the police officer from a handgun at close range after the wounded police office had reached for his gun. Ivey fled the scene but was quickly apprehended. This scenario is not to different from the horrible acts of violence that lead an offender to death row whereRead MoreThe Debate over Capital Punishment Essays2057 Words  | 9 PagesIntroduction Death penalty or capital punishment is an issue which is quiet debatable. It is an issue that has divided the world socially and morally. There are both supporters as well as people who are against it. Due to human rights communities and lawmaker’s struggle much debate has been done on this issue. Capital punishment laws have been removed from most of the countries including Europe. However death penalty is legal in countries including some states of USA, China and also Arab countriesRead MoreEssay about The Debate Over Capital Punishment1141 Words  | 5 Pages The debate over capital punishment has been raging on for countless number of years. Capital punishment has been used for thousands of years due to the physiological fear it inflicts on the people who witness and learn about the death penalty. The use of this punishment has helped to reduce crime and alter the minds of future criminals to deter them against committing heinous crimes such as murder, treason, espiona ge, terrorism and in some cases aggravated kidnapping. Advocates say it deters crimeRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay667 Words  | 3 PagesAdvent Catholic Encyclopedia, Capital Punishment is the infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime. Capital Punishment, also known as, the Death Penalty has been around for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org). Not only is Capital Punishment ancient, it is highly controversialRead MoreIs Capital Punishment Ever Justified?844 Words  | 4 PagesCapital punishment, better known as the death penalty, is the act of killing or executing a person who was found guilty of a serious crime, by the government. Capital punishment became widespread during the Middle Ages and was applied throughout Western Europe for more than t wo thousand years. Although, the call to abolish it started in the 18th century, some of the first countries being Venezuela in 1863, San Marino in 1865, and Costa Rica in 1877. Great Britain abolished the death penalty in 1965Read MoreDeath Penalty On Violent Criminals1520 Words  | 7 PagesBrandon Bechtel Miller English 1301 B5 28 November 2015 Death Penalty on Violent Criminals The Death penalty, known as capital punishment is when a criminal is executed by a governing authority. We (the United States) continue to allow the death penalty. Many countries make the death penalty illegal. Many discussions over this being legal, moral ethical, and economic ramifications of the death penalty are continuous across the world. Most of the nations have at one time made the death penaltyRead MoreCapital Punishment : An Effective Tool1493 Words  | 6 PagesCapital punishment has been a subject of public debate, since the time the practice of the death penalty was implemented into the legal system. With the number of historical occurrences, it was widely acknowledged that the administration of capital punishment remains to be an imperfect embodiment of governmental power. Many studies in the context of criminological analysis have provided statistics, although inconclusive, regarding capital punishment as an effective tool in terms of deterrence. ItRead MoreCapi tal Punishment : A Form Of Legal Punishment Essay1672 Words  | 7 PagesCapital punishment implies that the criminal is sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes. Prima facie, it appears to be the most just punishment and solution to crimes that demand such severity of punishment in proportion to the offense. However, the reason why it is a moot point and a debatable issue is because ethicists see both sides of the story and there are numerous ethical issues involved with institutionalizing capital punishment. To understand the debate on capital punishment
Monday, December 16, 2019
English Teaching Plan Free Essays
Months Seasons Vocabulary Games Match the names of the celebrations/ holidays with the months that they take place in. January February March April May June July August September October November December Mother’s Day International Children’s Day US  Independence Day Christmas’s Eve Halloween Mid Fall Festival Vietnam Teacher’s Day International Women’s Day International Left handers’ Day Valentine’s Day New Year’s Eve April’s Fool Now discuss with your partners what people often do during those holidays ? Vocabulary Game (2) Match the words that best describe the weather of each season (work with a partner) dry              humid                  wet                 cold                   freezing               sunny windy           rainy                 comfortable           below freezing     breezy          cool chilly        drizzling            fog/foggy         heat wave       boiling          tropical storms snowstorms        cloudy            snowy        nice          warm           hot Spring: Summer Autumn Winter Listening Activity A. Listen to the recording and tick the words that you hear winter           outside          prefer              peak of the summer           long lazy days             June                 summer man            autumn grey                     going back to school         autumn leaves          walking in the woods   fan of the winter          December           snow            Christmas                  celebrations January      worst months of the year        march          april the first            windy         feelings            summer              he at             light dark          have a walk B. We will write a custom essay sample on English Teaching Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Listen to the recording again and decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F) 1. Richard loves winter 2. It’s December now 3. There’s often snow in the UK in the winter 4. There’re a lot of celebrations and parties during Christmas 5. Both of the speakers were born in the Spring 6. Richard loves July the most  in the summer months 7. The female speaker likes all of the autumn months 8. She loves the colors of autumn 9. Today is a wet, cold, dark day. 10. They will probably stay inside today. C. Now listen for the last time and fill in the blanks to complete the conversation F: So this week on podcastinenglish. om, we’re talking about months of the years and seasons. So, richard, it’s December now, and for us, the first of the ____________ months. How do you feel about the winter and the winter months? M: I don’t like them. F: Not at all? M: No, December? Cold, grey, wet, ____________. No.. I’m not a fan of winter, I’m afraid F: Yes, and also in the UK, we don’t really get.. we don’t always get snow. And I think if it’s cold and there’s snow, that’s really nice .. but if it’s just cold and wet, then that’s really hard. At least we have Christmas for December M: Christmas is good. Christmas are.. ________________, parties.. that’s nice.. and it’s not as bad as January. January is to come F:  Yes I think January and February are the ____________ months of the year. But in the spring, then we have the spring months. Both you and I were born in the spring. You were born in March and I was born in____________. Do you like March? M: I’m not a fan of March and April, either.. cause then, at least in the UK, it’s very ___________, wet .. and you know March is the driest month of the year but it seems to be windy, and a bit wet and dam. that’s my ____________anyway How to cite English Teaching Plan, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Corporate Financial Management Tertiary Sector Employees
Question: Discuss about theCorporate Financial Managementfor Tertiary Sector Employees. Answer: Introduction Tertiary Sector Employees are the third of the three economic sectors following the Primary and Secondary Sectors. This tertiary sector employees main area of work is to provide services such as advice, discuss plans, share their experiences and apply their knowledge to improve the productivity and performances put in by the primary and secondary sectors. The concept of Superannuation funds emerged as a motivational programme among individuals in order to inculcate in them the idea of saving and investing funds for their future and also the benefits of these funds to be used during their retirement period. It is a good long term savings plan, which will provide a channel to income when employees retire and even benefits to the beneficiaries or nominees on the death of the employee or disablement to the employee (Choi Meek, 2011) . Therefore it can be rightly termed as the main source of retirement income. The government has made it compulsory that the minimum level of employer contribution to superannuation fund is to be three per cent which has now increased to nine percent and can increase to up to twelve percent in coming years. On the other hand, employees have also been instructed to mandatorily allocate a portion of their income to a superannuation fund. This plan of a superannuation fund is also beneficial from a taxation point of view as superannuation funds investment is taxed at lower rate compare to other similar investments. In the recent years, this method of saving has gained a wide variety of popularity worldwide. There has been a tremendous increase in the variety of superannuation fund products, investments, and retirement plan options. The employees of tertiary sectors are now gaining much more flexibility in deciding the types of funds and investments their superannuation fund are invested in. The superannuation benefits are released after satisfying certain rules a nd regulation such as when an employee reaches the age of sixty-five or the preservation age and the employee must have permanently retired or entered the transition to retire, but in both the conditions there should be a set minimum age. There are several types of a superannuation fund to be invested in namely Employer Fund, Personal Fund, Industry Funds and Self-Managed Super Funds. Based on the multiple types of investment the compiled up two most famous type of superannuation fund namely the Direct Benefit Plan and the Investment Choice Plan, where the Superannuation Fund contributions can be invested is offered by UniSuper Ltd, one of the largest individual, superannuation fund manager which gives services and manages the superannuation for employees in the tertiary sector (Brigham Daves, 2012). The Defined Benefit is where the employees put in their fund and the benefits received by the employees is a substantial amount fixed on the basis of employee's final average salary, t he number of years he has given the tertiary services in employment and the age of the employees. It is generally calculated on the basis of a formula and that is why it is called Defined Benefit Plan as the formula is well ahead defined and fixed for calculations. Here the employer and the company manage the portfolios of the employees and therefore the investment risk involved in the plan is also borne by the employer and the company. The Investment Choice Plan is where the employees individually manage its portfolios and retain an individual investment account. Under this plan, the employees itself chooses the type of assets or portfolios where their superannuation fund would be invested in. Here the employers give a part of their contribution adding the personal savings of the employees through Superannuation fund resulting from an annual distribution of gains earned on the basis of the contributions made by the employer and the employees (Libby et. al, 2011). Under this plan, t he since the employees return is generated on the basis of the selection of their choice if portfolios and investment strategy, therefore, they bear the risk associated with the same. The investment Choice plan is further bifurcated into four investment options namely Secure Fund, Stable Fund, Trustees Selection Fund and Shares Fund comprising of least risk in Secure Fund also in return providing the lowest average return and highest risk involved in Shares fund thereby providing the highest average returns respectively (Brealey et. al, 2011). Important Factors that need to be Considered The important factors to be considered while deciding whether to place their superannuation fund contributions in the Defined Benefit Plan or the Investment Choice Plan is to analyze the risk factor whether is to be borne or not. The employees who do not want to bear any risk and want to get substantial return payout at the time of retirement should always go with the Define Pension Plan. On the other hand, the employees who can bear the risk and expect the overall higher rate of return through their investment can select an appropriate Investment strategy according to their risk appetite (Christensen, 2011). The other factor to be considered while selecting the investment method is the ability to choose and manage portfolios there are people who have vast knowledge, experience and source through which they can manage their investment assets and portfolios very easily thereby reducing chances of much loss, on the other hand, employees who cannot manage with adequate knowledge their p ortfolios on their own should not opt for maintaining their own portfolio account thereby transferring the risk to the employer and if any funding shortfall arises, employers must take the companys earnings to make up the difference. The decision for investment in any of the above-mentioned plan also relates to what an employee wants the standard of living to be maintained after his retirement. If an employee is having other source of income after retirement other than this fund interest he can choose investment choice plan because of the higher risk borne he can have stability with the other source of income already in pocket and meanwhile he can also expect a higher rate of return through his contribution fund since high risk was taken and if vice versa situation is there where the only source of income for the employee is through superannuation fund he should always go for defined benefit plan to have the stability of income after retirement with minimum or nil risk involved in t his plan (Merchant, 2012). Concept of Time Value of Money Time value of money forms an important aspect of investment point of view. The money invested now will in average span of time return what portion of benefit reveals the time value of money. In another view point to be seen the value of a certain amount of money today is more valuable that the value of it tomorrow and the reason are not the uncertainty involved with time but it is purely based on the account of timing. This difference in the value of money today and tomorrow is referred as the Time value of money. The issues relating to the concept of time value of money marks an important part in the decision making or selecting on which type of fund to be invested in by employees through their superannuation fund (Graham Smart, 2012). During the working life, the employees make a contribution to a superannuation fund and the earnings they receive are reinvested building up the value over time. The fund invested by the employees and employers in superannuation fund only grows over a time span and not in seconds. It is necessary for every employee to before investing in their choice of a superannuation fund to utilize the time value of money by calculating the future value of a present portion of their money invested in. It is safely said that the more the time span increased the more can be the resulting benefit. Without understanding the investment concept base of which is time values of money any individual can be a sufferer of bad advice or decision taken. By investing in the correct type of portfolio through superannuation fund an employee can avail lifetime benefit which is going to give a wide variety of benefits when the employees retire. The time value can be determined with the growing interest in these investments aim in higher average returns over a longer period of time but there can be a risk of losses in bad years. Employees should wisely plan out their strategy as to for what time span they want to invest and in which portfolios. A balanced strategy over a period of more than fifteen years has always given better returns than other short time investment options (Melville, 2013). Time value of money issues is simultaneously linked with whether the employee's risk appetite is worth the waiting and patience required in getting the reward after the retirement period of employees. Efficient Market Hypothesis Efficient Market Hypothesis is a theory or study which explains that in the financial economy an assets or a stocks price itself speaks about the entire relevant informant needed by an investor to invest in. It indicates to the market that none of the investors can go beyond the market or beat the market through any experienced advice or expert selection of stocks (Fama, 1998). According to this hypothesis stock always trade at their fair prices on stock exchanges. Therefore it brings a big barrier making it impossible to invest either in undervalued shares or sell stocks, shares at an inflated price. Here even the time factor fails to determine any possible ways to beat the market without undertaking riskier investments which can obtain higher returns (Hand, 1990). Therefore even if the efficient market hypothesis prevails or not in practical world it never states or indicates that any portfolio selection should be done with a pin. Pin risk occurs when the seller of an option cannot predict with certainty whether the option at that time can be exercised or not, therefore the seller cannot hedge or pool his position and so it can be a gain or loss situation (Ball, 1995). The fund manager should always keep in mind before investing the funds of their clients the risk appetite they can bear up to. In the case of pension funds, the manager should opt for safer investments with stable returns that indicate of choosing such shares, stocks or bonds which have lower beta or lower risk. As per Deegan (2011), the Fund manager should also keep in mind to invest in diversified folios. Diversified folios do not mean investing in a large number of stocks, but diversification can also signify even if the investment is made in stocks which could be all from the same type of industries. The pension fund manager should always keep in mind that throwing pin at the stock sheet can give him diversified portfolio but there the main factor which prevails as a major barrier is the un certainty of higher amount of risk of profits or losses and almost no way to curb the expected stable return or the amount of risk involve in it (Goyal Wahl. 2008). If the individual pension holder on whose behalf the investment is made by the fund manager has equipped risk appetite, additional wealth and another source of income then the problem of throwing pin does not occur which happens in rare cases but in general the portfolio of a pension holder might not permit too high risk to invest in (Ball, 1995). One of the other essential points to take care by the pension fund manager is the presence of taxes involved. The tax position of the individual investor is the main criterion for investing its funds. The fund manager should always choose the portfolio which has the benefit of special tax laws that can be only taken advantage of only in pension funds (Kalpan Schoar, 2005). These special tax laws make it convenient to increase the return of the portfolio without indulging in i ncreasing risk. References Ball, R 1995, The Theory of Stock Market Efficiency: Accomplishments and Limitations, Journal of Corporate Finance, vol. 8, pp. 4-18 Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Christensen, J 2011, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fama, E.F 1998, Market Efficiency, Long-term Returns, and Behavioral Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 49, pp. 283-306 Goyal, A Wahal . S. 2008, The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors, Journal of Finance , vol. 63, pp. 1802?1827. Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hand. J.R 1990, A Test of the Extended Functional Fixation Hypothesis, Accounting Review, vol. 65, pp. 740?753 Kalpan , S.N Schoar, A 2005, Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows, Journal of Finance vol. 60, pp. 1795?1823. Libby, R, Libby, P Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Merchant, K. A 2012, Making Management Accounting Research More Useful, Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 1-34.
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